The C2220 from Copper Mountain Technologies is a modular vector network analyzer that operates from 100 kHz to 20 GHz. The VNA can measure all four S parameters S11, S12, S21, S22 and can be controlled using any Windows PC or laptop. It has a dynamic range of 130 dB and provides direct receiver access for special applications involving external directional coupling, including Load Pull and high power measurements. To achieve this high performance at an affordable cost, the design and production of Cobalt VNAs incorporates several innovative new proprietary manufacturing and test approaches. This technology allowed for new test grade coaxial connectors for internal interconnect and tighter tolerances that contribute to Cobalt&rsquos exceptional metrological accuracy. Advanced electromagnetic modeling optimizes the 20 GHz Cobalt&rsquos ultra-wideband directional coupler design, and new production methods for precision airstrip lines give the directional couplers extraordinary stability, both over temperature and very long time intervals.