Validate your dual-polarized phased array beamformer over the air with a phase-coherent VNA (Europe/North America)

Modern phased arrays require over-the-air testing in far-field conditions. As the number of elements increases, so do the OTA and cable losses in direct far-field setups, because of the longer far-field distance. Future dual-polarized phased arrays will integrate frequency-converting ICs, necessitating 5-port phased coherent measurements for calibration (unless they are calibration-free like the Fujikura PAAM) and verification.