Analysis and Simulation of Broadband and Cross-band PIM in Base Station Antennas
- Author:
Björn Lindmark & Xiaohua Hou
This white paper examines the basic theory of passive intermodulation (PIM) from a signal perspective, and also why real-world cases differ from the standard two-tone test used for passive devices such as filters and antennas. We’ll also go into more detail about:·
- What happens when you have more than two input signals?·
- If you change input signals from single tone (CW) to modulated, what happens to PIM levels?·
- What is the effect of the signal waveform on intermodulation products in bandwidth and spectrum power density?·
- How can you estimate total intermodulation spectrum when you have a large number of input signals at different ports?
We’ll also demonstrate our 3D PIM Calculator that lets you estimate PIM spectrum with simultaneous signals with different modulation at different input ports. The calculator can be used for analyzing multi-band base station antennas, among other use cases and applications.
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