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What are Short Range Devices (SRD)? What frequencies do they operate at?
Short Range Devices (SRD) are wireless devices that transmit low power levels and operate over distances of up to a few hundred meters. They have a low effective radiated power (ERP) of typically 25-100 mW and thus do not interfere with other radio services. These devices do not require a license to operate. The frequencies used by these devices are called SRD frequencies.
SRD wireless technologies include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, near-field communication (NFC), ultra-wideband (UWB) and IEEE 802.15.4. The European Commission through CEPT and ETSI the allocation of several device bands for these purposes, restricts the parameters of their use, and provides guidelines for avoiding radio interference. Hence, SRDs have to meet the Radio Equipment Directive (RED) to be placed on the market in Europe. The operation of the equipment may also be subject to the frequency management regulations of the relevant member state.
Short-range devices benefit from a relaxed regulatory regime compared with other radio communications devices like cellular devices. In most cases, these devices can operate license free, however there are a few specific cases where an individual license can be required. This is usually in the case where an SRD frequency is being used by another technology in a specific region.
SRD Frequency Bands
According to ECC Rec. 70-03, there are several annexes that encapsulate specific usage patterns, maximum emission power and duty cycle requirements:
Frequency
Band
Notes
Annex 1. Non-specific short-range devices
6765–6795 kHz
ISM
13.553-13.567 MHz
RFID
26.957-27.283 MHz
Citizens' Band
40.660-40.700 MHz
138.20-138.45 MHz
433.050-434.790 MHz
LPD433 (70-centimeter band); also, Amateur Radio band
863–870 MHz
SRD860
2400.0–2483.5 MHz
13-centimeter band Heavily used by Wi-Fi; also, Amateur Radio band (Up to 2450 MHz)
5725–5875 MHz
5-centimeter band; also, Amateur Radio band (Up to 5850 MHz)
24.00–24.25 GHz
1.2-centimeter band; also, Amateur Radio band
61.0–61.5 GHz
122–123 GHz
2.5-millimeter band; also, Amateur Radio band
244–246 GHz
1-millimeter band; also, Amateur Radio band
3.1–4.8 THz
6–9 THz
Annex 2. Tracking, tracing and data acquisition
456.9–457.1 kHz
Detection of avalanche victims
169.4–169.475 MHz
Remote meter reading
Asset tracking and tracing
Annex 3. Wideband data transmission systems
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.
57–66 GHz
V
WiGig, Wireless HD, etc.
Annex 4. Railway applications
2446–2454 MHz
Automatic vehicle identification systems for railways
27.090–27.100 MHz
Balise tele-powering and down-link (train to ground) systems
984–7484 kHz
Balise up-link (ground to train) systems
7.3–23.0 MHz
Loop up-link (ground to train) systems
Annex 5. Road transport and traffic telematics (RTTT)
5795–5805 MHz
5805-5815 MHz
C
63–64 GHz
Vehicle to vehicle and road to vehicle systems
76–77 GHz
W
Vehicle radar and infrastructure radar systems
21.65–26.65 GHz
K
Automotive short-range radars (SRR) (marketed until July 2013)
77–81 GHz
Automotive short-range radars (SRR)
24.050–24.075 GHz
24.075–24.150 GHz
24.150–24.250 GHz
Vehicle radars
Annex 6. Radiodetermination applications
2400.0–2483.5
9200–9500 MHz
9500–9975 MHz
10.5–10.6 GHz
13.4–14.0 GHz
24.05–24.25 GHz
4.5–7.0 GHz
Tank level probing radar (TLPR)
8.5–10.6 GHz
24.05–27.00 GHz
57–64 GHz
75–85 GHz
17.1–17.3 GHz
Ground-based synthetic aperture radar
Annex 7. Alarms
868.6–868.7 MHz
869.250–869.300 MHz
869.650–869.700 MHz
869.200–869.250 MHz
869.300–869.400 MHz
169.4750–169.4875 MHz
Social alarms (exclusive use)
169.5875–169.6000 MHz
Annex 8. Model control
26.995, 27.045,
27.095, 27.145,
27.195 MHz
34.995–35.225 MHz
Only for flying models
40.665, 40.675,
40.685, 40.695 MHz
Annex 9. Inductive applications
Annex 10. Radio microphone applications including aids for the hearing impaired
29.7–47.0 MHz
except for 30.3–30.5 MHz, 32.15–32.45 MHz and 41.015–47.00 MHz (harmonized military bands)
173.965–174.015
Aids for the hearing impaired
863–865 MHz
Individual license required
470–786 MHz
786–789 MHz
823–826 MHz
826–832 MHz
1785–1795 MHz
1795–1800 MHz
169.4000–169.4750 MHz
Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licenses may be required
169.4875–169.5875 MHz
Annex 11. RF identification applications
865.0–865.6 MHz
865.6–867.6 MHz
867.6–868.0 MHz
Annex 12. Active medical implants and their associated peripherals
Annex 13. Wireless audio applications
864.8–865 MHz
87.5–108.0 MHz
FM
In Europe, 863 to 870 MHz band (SRD860) has been allocated for license-free operation using FHSS, DSSS, or analog modulation with either a transmission duty cycle of 0.1%, 1% or 10% depending on the band, or Listen Before Talk (LBT) with Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA). Although this band falls under the Short-Range Device umbrella, it is also used in Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) wireless telecommunication networks designed to allow long-range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects).
Duty Cycle
Channel Spacing
ERP
863.0 – 865.0 MHz
100% (wireless audio)
10 mW
863.0 – 865.6 MHz
0.1% or LBT+AFA
25 mW
863.0 – 868.0 MHz *
25 mW wideband up to 1 MHz (data only)
865.0 – 868.0 MHz
1% or LBT+AFA
865.0 – 868.0 MHz *
4 frequencies
2 W (RFID only)
10% (access points), 2.5% (other devices)
500 mW (data only, power control required)
868.0 – 868.6 MHz
868.6 – 868.7 MHz
1% (alarms)
25 kHz
868.7 – 869.2 MHz
869.2 – 869.25 MHz
0.1% (social alarms)
869.25 – 869.3 MHz
0.1% (alarms)
869.3 – 869.4 MHz
869.4 – 869.65 MHz
10% or LBT+AFA
500 mW
869.65 – 869.7 MHz
10% (alarms)
869.7 – 870.0 MHz
100% (voice communication)
5 mW
Unrestricted voice communications are allowed for short-range devices in the 869.7-870.0 MHz band with channel spacing of 25 kHz or less and maximum power output of 5 mW ERP.
Four RFID frequencies were also added to SRD frequencies in January 2018 for data networks with a power up to 500 mW and a bandwidth of 200 kHz. The four center frequencies are: 865.7, 866.3, 866.9 and 867.5 MHz. Some specific restrictions apply on these frequencies on usage such as a low duty cycle, LBT (listen before transmit) and APC (adaptive power control).
Applications of Short Range Devices
SRDs are used for power meters & other remote instrumentation, RFID applications, radio-controlled models, fire, security & social alarms, vehicle radars, wireless microphones and earphones, traffic signs & signals (including control signals), remote garage door openers and car keys, barcode readers, motion detection, Closed-circuit television (CCTV), cordless audio devices including wireless microphones, industrial control, local area networks, medical implants, metering devices, remote control, road transport telematics, telemetry etc. applications.
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