According to a government report last Thursday, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (China's homegrown navigation system), will cover the globe with a constellation of 35 satellites by 2020. According to a white paper on the development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), China has formulated a three-step strategy for developing the BDS, aiming to complete the constellation deployment with 35 satellites to provide services to global users. The document was unveiled by the State Council Information Office.
According to a published white paper - China will uphold the principles of independence, openness, compatibility and gradualness in developing the BDS.
- It will uphold independent construction, development and operation of the BDS, and acquire the capability to independently provide satellite navigation services to global users.
- It will provide open satellite navigation services free of charge, and encourage all-scale, multilevel and high-quality international cooperation and exchange.
- It will enhance BDS compatibility and interoperability with other navigation satellite systems.
- It will carry out the BDS project step by step, enhancing the system's service performance and boosting the satellite navigation industry in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable manner.
This BDS project is made up of three steps. The first step started in 1994 and was completed in 2000 with a test system coded "BDS-1" providing users in China with positioning, timing, wide-area differential and short message communication services. For the BDS-1, they launched two Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites in 2000 and the third in 2003.
The second step led to a more established system coded "BDS-2" which started in 2004. By the end of 2012, a total of 14 satellites - five GEO satellites, five Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites and four Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites - were launched to complete the constellation. This BDS-2 added the passive-positioning scheme and provided users in the Asia-Pacific region with positioning, velocity measurement, timing, wide-area differential and short message communication services.
The third step, is aiming to complete a fully-established BDS. This final step started in 2009 and will be finished by 2020.
According to the report, thanks to a hybrid constellation consisting of satellites in three kinds of orbits, the BDS operates more satellites in high orbits and offers better anti-shielding capabilities than other systems, particularly observable in terms of performance in the low-latitude areas.
It provides navigation signals of multiple frequencies with better accuracy and integrates navigation and communication capabilities for the first time, which enables five major functions including real-time navigation, rapid positioning, precise timing, location reporting and short message communication.
