Unveiling The Physical Layer: A Deep Dive into 4G Wireless Networks

The revolutionary transformation in the mobile industry from 1G to 4G networks is remarkable. From the pioneering era of the first generation to the advanced architecture of the fourth generation of mobile communication networks, each generation has showcased dramatic progression in data speed, capacity of network, and technology. 4G, primarily based on long term evolution standards, allows direct communication among the users by utilizing the internet protocol based evolved packet core (EPC). Duplex schemes and multicarrier transmission technology play a critical role in the efficient data transmission. Time division duplex performs uplink data transmission and frequency division duplex performs downlink data transmission. Moreover, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and single carrier frequency division multiple access are employed in 4G. The physical layer of the fourth-generation communication network integrated multiple channels that serve a specific purpose. 4G has numerous advantages as well as a few limitations of complexity and consumption of power. This paves the way for the next generations of wireless communication networks to address the issues in their predecessors. This research examines the transition from first to fourth generation of communication network and investigates the advancements in 4G mainly focusing on the physical layer of fourth generation (4G).